🔁 1. Ôn tập – 10 phút
🔁 Ôn thẻ từ vựng đến hạn
🧠 Nhớ lại buổi trước (không xem tài liệu)
- Kể 6 dạng câu hỏi Reading bạn đã học ở chặng này.
- T/F/NG: khi nào chọn NOT GIVEN?
- Sentence completion: kiểm tra 2 điều gì sau khi điền?
Trả lời to hoặc viết ra giấy, rồi mới mở lại buổi trước để kiểm tra.
📖 2. Đầu vào – 15 phút: bảng chiến lược Reading (tuần 1–8)
| Dạng | Chiến lược chính | Buổi |
|---|---|---|
| T/F/NG | để ý từ giới hạn (all, most, only); không suy diễn quá bài | 2 |
| Matching headings | đọc câu đầu + câu cuối đoạn; tìm ý chính, không tìm chi tiết | 7 |
| Summary + hộp từ | đoán loại từ, cẩn thận từ đồng nghĩa gây nhiễu | 12 |
| Matching features | gạch tên người trong bài trước | 17 |
| Y/N/NG | tìm thái độ tác giả (từ đánh giá) | 22 |
| Sentence completion | chép đúng từ trong bài, kiểm tra ngữ pháp & giới hạn từ | 27 |
| Matching information | tìm “loại thông tin”; đoạn có thể dùng lại | 32 |
| Multiple choice | loại lựa chọn sai / quá mạnh / không nhắc | 37 |
Chia thời gian cho một bài đọc 13 câu (20 phút): 3 phút đọc lướt → làm dạng theo thứ tự bài (T/F/NG, completion) trước → dạng không theo thứ tự (matching information) sau → 1 phút cuối điền đủ mọi ô.
⏱️ 3. Làm bài tính giờ – 20 phút
Science for everyone
(Bài đọc tự viết; dự án, nhà nghiên cứu và số liệu là giả định.)
A For centuries, science was carried out mainly by professionals working in universities and laboratories. Today, however, millions of ordinary people around the world take part in research projects in their free time. This approach, known as citizen science, allows scientists to collect far more data than they could ever gather on their own.
B Many citizen science projects involve observing nature. In the fictional Lakeland Bird Count, for example, volunteers spend one weekend each year recording the birds they see in their gardens or local parks. They then submit their observations through a website. Because thousands of people take part across the region, researchers can see how bird populations change over time and in different places – something that would be impossible for a small team of professionals.
C Other projects take place entirely online. Volunteers may be asked to look at photographs taken by cameras in forests and identify the animals in them, or to classify images of distant galaxies. Computers are improving at such tasks, but in many cases the human eye is still better at noticing unusual features.
D One obvious concern is accuracy. Volunteers are not trained scientists, and some may make mistakes, such as confusing two similar species. Dr Amira Nouri, who manages several projects, explains that researchers deal with this in a number of ways. “We show the same image to several volunteers and only accept an answer when most of them agree,” she says. “We also ask experts to check a sample of the records, and we provide short training videos before people start.”
E Citizen science benefits the volunteers too. Surveys of participants often show that people learn more about science and feel more connected to their local environment. Some volunteers have gone on to study science at university as a result of their experience. Dr Nouri believes, however, that the main reason most people join is simple curiosity rather than a wish to learn.
F There are limits to what citizen science can achieve. Some types of research require expensive equipment or specialist knowledge, and volunteers usually take part only for short periods. Furthermore, if projects are poorly designed, volunteers may lose interest quickly. For these reasons, citizen science is best seen not as a replacement for professional research, but as a valuable partner to it.
✅ Câu 1–5: TRUE, FALSE hoặc NOT GIVEN?
1. In the past, most scientific research was done by professionals.
2. The Lakeland Bird Count takes place several times a year.
3. Computers are now better than humans at identifying all types of images.
4. Volunteers must pay to take part in online projects.
5. Dr Nouri thinks most people join projects mainly because they are curious.
Câu 6–9: Complete the sentences. NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage.
- 6. Bird count volunteers send their observations through a .
- 7. A common mistake is confusing two similar .
- 8. An answer is accepted only when most volunteers .
- 9. Before starting, volunteers can watch short .
✅ Câu 10–13: Which paragraph (A–F) contains the following information?
10. a reason why volunteers may stop participating
11. an example of a project that does not require going outside
12. a way of checking the quality of volunteers' work
13. an effect of taking part on some volunteers' education
📋 4. Sau khi làm – phân tích (15 phút)
| Dạng | Câu | Số câu đúng | Lý do sai (nếu có) |
|---|---|---|---|
| T/F/NG | 1–5 | … / 5 | |
| Sentence completion | 6–9 | … / 4 | |
| Matching information | 10–13 | … / 4 |
Lý do sai thường gặp: không tìm được đoạn / bị từ đồng nghĩa đánh lừa / suy diễn quá bài / sai chính tả / hết giờ. Ghi vào sổ lỗi.
💼 Dùng ngay – đọc hướng dẫn cho tình nguyện viên (thêm 5–10 phút)
How to take part in the Bird Count (giả định)
- Choose a place where you can watch birds for one hour – a garden, balcony or park.
- Count only birds that land, not those flying overhead.
- For each species, record the highest number you see at one time, not the total.
- Submit your results online within one week.
✅ Bạn đã hiểu đúng hướng dẫn chưa?
You see 3 sparrows, then later 5 sparrows together. What do you record?
A large bird flies over your garden without landing. Do you count it?
You watched on Saturday. What is the latest you can submit?
📚 Từ vựng của buổi
- citizen science – khoa học công dân
Citizen science projects need volunteers.
- volunteer – tình nguyện viên
Thousands of volunteers took part.
- data – dữ liệu
The project collected a lot of data.
- species – loài
Some species are hard to tell apart.
- observation – sự quan sát; kết quả quan sát
Submit your observations online.
- accuracy – độ chính xác
Accuracy is checked by experts.
- professional – chuyên gia, người chuyên nghiệp
Professionals check a sample of records.
- contribute – đóng góp
Anyone can contribute to the project.
- survey – khảo sát
The survey showed that volunteers learnt a lot.
- verify – xác minh
Experts verify the results.
✅ 5. Tự kiểm tra – 10 phút
✅ Tự kiểm tra
Nghe lại bản ghi của mình và tích những điểm bạn đã làm được. Ô tích chỉ lưu trên máy này.