🔁 1. Ôn tập – 10 phút
🔁 Ôn thẻ từ vựng đến hạn
🧠 Nhớ lại buổi trước (không xem tài liệu)
- Buổi 83: quy trình có nhánh và vòng lặp – tổng quan nêu gì?
- Buổi 122: “contamination” là rủi ro gì trong nghiên cứu?
- Viết lại tránh “Firstly… Secondly…”: hai cách mở câu khác.
Trả lời to hoặc viết ra giấy, rồi mới mở lại buổi trước để kiểm tra.
🔄 2. Đầu vào – 25 phút
Nhánh Academic
How ice cores are collected and analysed (simplified)
- 1FIELD 1. Drill into ice sheeta hollow drill extracts a long cylinder of ice
- 2FIELD 2. Cut into sectionseach section labelled with its depth
- 3FIELD 3. Pack in insulated boxeskept frozen to prevent melting
- 4TRANSPORT 4. Ship to laboratoryin freezer containers
- 5LAB 5. Store in cold roomuntil analysis
- 6LAB 6. Outer surface removedto avoid contamination from handling
- 7LAB 7a. Air bubbles analysedshow past atmosphere
- 8LAB 7b. Layers counted & dust measuredshow age and past climate
Nối bước & mục đích
- Having been with its depth, each section is packed in an insulated box.
- The boxes are kept frozen in order to the ice from melting.
- The cores are stored in a cold room being analysed.
- The outer surface is removed so the sample is not contaminated by handling.
📝 Viết bài – Academic
The diagram shows how ice cores are collected and analysed by scientists.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features.
Write at least 150 words.
👀 Xem bài mẫu tham khảo (sau khi đã viết xong)
Bài mẫu tham khảo do khóa học viết, khoảng 180 từ. Sơ đồ đơn giản hóa.
The diagram illustrates the process by which scientists collect ice cores from an ice sheet and analyse them in a laboratory.
Overall, the process involves seven main stages, carried out first in the field and then in a laboratory, with the ice kept frozen throughout to preserve it. The process begins with drilling and ends with two analyses that are carried out in parallel.
In the field, a hollow drill is used to extract a long cylinder of ice from the ice sheet. This is then cut into sections, each of which is labelled with the depth from which it was taken. Having been labelled, the sections are packed in insulated boxes to prevent them from melting, before being shipped to the laboratory in freezer containers.
Once they arrive, the cores are stored in a cold room until they are needed. Before analysis, their outer surface is removed so that the samples are not contaminated by handling. At this point, two types of analysis take place: the air bubbles trapped in the ice are examined to reveal the composition of the past atmosphere, while the layers are counted and the dust measured to determine the age of the ice and past climate conditions.
🔬 Phân tích bài mẫu
- Chia đoạn theo nơi (hiện trường / phòng thí nghiệm), không theo từng số.
- Tổng quan 3 ý: số giai đoạn & hai nơi; điểm đầu – cuối (hai phân tích song song); băng luôn được giữ lạnh.
- Nối bước đa dạng: This is then, each of which, Having been labelled, before being shipped, Once they arrive, At this point, while.
- Mục đích rõ: to prevent them from melting, so that the samples are not contaminated, to reveal, to determine.
- Không thêm kiến thức ngoài sơ đồ.
⚠️ Lỗi hay gặp ở band 6.5: First, they drill. Second, they cut…; quên bị động; quên nêu mục đích của từng bước; bỏ sót hai phân tích song song.
Nhánh General Training – thư đăng ký tham gia sự kiện khoa học
| Phần | Câu mẫu |
|---|---|
| Mục đích | I am writing to register for… which I saw advertised in/on… |
| Về bạn (ngắn, liên quan) | I am particularly interested in… because… |
| Chi tiết đăng ký | I would like to book… places for… on… |
| Câu hỏi thực tế | Could you tell me whether… / I would also be grateful to know… |
| Kết | I look forward to receiving confirmation. |
📝 Viết bài – General Training
A science centre in your city is holding a weekend of public talks and workshops.
Write a letter to the organiser. In your letter:
• say which events you would like to attend and why
• give details of who will come with you
• ask some questions about the arrangements
Write at least 150 words. You do NOT need to write any addresses. Begin your letter as follows: Dear ...,
👀 Xem bài mẫu tham khảo (sau khi đã viết xong)
Bài mẫu tham khảo do khóa học viết, khoảng 195 từ. Sự kiện, trung tâm và nhân vật là giả định.
Dear Ms Ha,
I am writing to register for the Science Weekend at the City Science Centre on 23 and 24 January, which I saw advertised on your website.
I would particularly like to attend the Saturday evening talk on searching for planets beyond our solar system. I have been interested in astronomy since I was at school, and the talk sounds like an excellent introduction to recent research. I would also like to book places on the Sunday morning workshop on building a simple telescope.
I would like to reserve two places for the talk – for myself and my wife – and three places for the workshop, as our nephew, who is eleven, would also like to join us. I understand from the website that the workshop is suitable for children aged ten and over, provided they are accompanied by an adult.
Could you tell me whether the workshop materials are included in the ticket price, or whether we need to bring anything? I would also be grateful to know whether there is parking near the centre.
I look forward to receiving confirmation.
Yours sincerely, Do Van Hieu
🧩 3. Ngôn ngữ trọng tâm – 10 phút
- Academic: the process by which, carried out first in… and then in…, with the ice kept frozen throughout, each of which is labelled, Having been labelled, …, before being shipped, Once they arrive, so that the samples are not contaminated, in parallel.
- GT: I am writing to register for…, which I saw advertised on…, I would particularly like to attend…, I would like to reserve two places for…, provided they are accompanied by an adult, I would also be grateful to know whether…
✍️ 4. Thực hành – 20 phút
Viết bài nhánh của bạn (20 phút), chưa xem bài mẫu. Academic: chia đoạn theo nơi? Có ít nhất 4 cách nối bước khác nhau và mục đích cho các bước chính? GT: nêu rõ sự kiện, lý do, số người, câu hỏi thực tế?
💼 Dùng ngay – mô tả quy trình lấy mẫu / kiểm tra ở nơi làm việc (thêm 5 phút)
Viết 3 câu bị động có mục đích, mô tả một quy trình bạn biết: Samples are taken from each batch so that… Having been labelled, they are… before being sent to…
📚 Từ vựng của buổi
- ice core – lõi băng
Ice cores reveal past climates.
- drill – khoan / mũi khoan
A hollow drill extracts the ice.
- extract – lấy ra, chiết xuất
A long cylinder of ice is extracted.
- transport – vận chuyển
The cores are transported in freezer containers.
- store – lưu trữ
Samples are stored in a cold room.
- analyse – phân tích
The air bubbles are analysed.
- air bubble – bọt khí
Air bubbles show the past atmosphere.
- layer – lớp
The layers are counted to find the age.
- contamination – sự nhiễm bẩn
The outer surface is removed to avoid contamination.
- in order to – để mà
Boxes are insulated in order to prevent melting.
✅ 5. Tự kiểm tra – 10 phút
✅ Tự kiểm tra
Nghe lại bản ghi của mình và tích những điểm bạn đã làm được. Ô tích chỉ lưu trên máy này.