🔁 1. Ôn tập – 10 phút
🔁 Ôn thẻ từ vựng đến hạn
🧠 Nhớ lại buổi trước (không xem tài liệu)
- Buổi 123: chia quy trình theo nơi – áp dụng thế nào cho quy trình theo giai đoạn?
- Buổi 132: đổi danh từ thành động từ: “disinfection” → ?
- “sludge” nghĩa là gì?
Trả lời to hoặc viết ra giấy, rồi mới mở lại buổi trước để kiểm tra.
🔄 2. Đầu vào – 25 phút
Nhánh Academic
How wastewater is treated at a municipal plant (simplified)
- 11. Screeninglarge objects (plastic, rags) removed
- 22. Grit removalsand and small stones settle out
- 33. Primary settling tanksolids sink → sludge (to 3b)
- 43b. Sludge digesterproduces biogas (energy) and fertiliser
- 54. Aeration tankair pumped in; bacteria break down organic matter
- 65. Secondary settling tankbacteria settle and are partly returned to stage 4
- 76. UV disinfectionharmful microorganisms killed
- 87. Discharge to rivertreated water released
Paraphrase nhãn thành câu
- Screening → The wastewater is first passed through to remove large objects.
- Primary settling → Solids are allowed to to the bottom of the tank.
- Aeration → Air is pumped into the tank so that bacteria can break organic matter.
- UV disinfection → The water is to ultraviolet light, which kills harmful microorganisms.
📝 Viết bài – Academic
The diagram shows how wastewater is treated at a municipal treatment plant.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features.
Write at least 150 words.
👀 Xem bài mẫu tham khảo (sau khi đã viết xong)
Bài mẫu tham khảo do khóa học viết, khoảng 185 từ. Sơ đồ đơn giản hóa.
The diagram illustrates the main stages by which wastewater is cleaned at a municipal treatment plant before being returned to a river.
Overall, the process consists of seven main stages, moving from physical treatment to biological treatment and finally disinfection. In addition, the solid waste removed along the way is processed separately to produce energy and fertiliser.
The wastewater is first passed through screens, which remove large objects such as plastic and rags. It then flows into a channel where sand and small stones are allowed to settle out. In the primary settling tank, heavier solids sink to the bottom, forming sludge. This sludge is transferred to a digester, where it is converted into biogas, which can be used as a source of energy, and fertiliser.
The remaining water moves into an aeration tank, where air is pumped in so that bacteria can break down organic matter. In the secondary settling tank, these bacteria settle out, and some of them are returned to the aeration tank to continue the process. Finally, the water is exposed to ultraviolet light, which kills harmful microorganisms, before it is discharged into the river.
🔬 Phân tích bài mẫu
- Tổng quan 3 ý: số giai đoạn & điểm đầu – cuối; ba loại xử lý; nhánh phụ bùn thải.
- Không chép nhãn: Screening → passed through screens; Grit removal → sand and small stones are allowed to settle out; UV disinfection → exposed to ultraviolet light.
- Nhánh & vòng lặp đầy đủ: bùn → hầm phân hủy; vi khuẩn được đưa trở lại.
- Mệnh đề quan hệ & mục đích: which remove…, where it is converted into…, so that bacteria can…
- Không thêm thông số kỹ thuật.
⚠️ Lỗi hay gặp ở band 6.5: First is screening. Second is grit removal. (chép nhãn); quên nhánh bùn; quên vòng lặp vi khuẩn.
Nhánh General Training – thư báo sự cố rò rỉ nước
| Phần | Câu mẫu (khẩn cấp nhưng lịch sự) |
|---|---|
| Mục đích & mức khẩn | I am writing to report an urgent problem with… |
| Mô tả sự việc (khi nào, ở đâu, mức độ) | Since…, water has been leaking from… |
| Thiệt hại / rủi ro | This has already caused… and I am concerned that… |
| Đã làm gì | I have… as a temporary measure. |
| Yêu cầu & hạn | I would be grateful if someone could inspect… by… |
📝 Viết bài – General Training
There is a water leak in the apartment you rent.
Write a letter to the building manager. In your letter:
• describe the problem
• explain how it is affecting you
• say what you would like the manager to do
Write at least 150 words. You do NOT need to write any addresses. Begin your letter as follows: Dear ...,
👀 Xem bài mẫu tham khảo (sau khi đã viết xong)
Bài mẫu tham khảo do khóa học viết, khoảng 195 từ. Tòa nhà và nhân vật là giả định.
Dear Mr Quang,
I am writing to report an urgent problem in my apartment, number 12B, which I believe needs attention as soon as possible.
Since Saturday evening, water has been leaking from the ceiling in the bathroom, apparently from the apartment above. At first it was only a few drops, but by Monday morning a large damp patch had spread across the ceiling and water was dripping steadily onto the floor.
The leak has already damaged a cabinet and some towels, and the floor has become slippery, which is a particular concern as my elderly mother is staying with me at the moment. I am also worried that the water may be getting into the electrical light fitting.
As a temporary measure, I have switched off the bathroom light at the fuse box and placed a bucket under the leak. I have also knocked on the door of 13B, but nobody seems to be at home.
I would be very grateful if a plumber could inspect the problem by Wednesday at the latest. I can be contacted on the number below at any time.
Yours sincerely, Bui Thanh Hai
🧩 3. Ngôn ngữ trọng tâm – 10 phút
- Academic: the main stages by which, moving from… to… and finally…, is first passed through, are allowed to settle out, forming sludge, is transferred to, is converted into, so that bacteria can break down, are returned to… to continue the process, is exposed to.
- GT: to report an urgent problem, Since Saturday evening, water has been leaking from…, a large damp patch had spread, is a particular concern as…, As a temporary measure, I have…, by Wednesday at the latest.
✍️ 4. Thực hành – 20 phút
Viết bài nhánh của bạn (20 phút), chưa xem bài mẫu. Academic: có chép nguyên nhãn nào không? Có nhánh bùn và vòng lặp vi khuẩn? GT: mô tả có thời gian, mức độ tăng dần, rủi ro an toàn, biện pháp tạm và hạn cụ thể?
💼 Dùng ngay – báo cáo sự cố hạ tầng cho bộ phận bảo trì (thêm 5 phút)
Viết 3 câu: sự cố + từ khi nào + mức độ → rủi ro an toàn → biện pháp tạm & yêu cầu. Ví dụ: Since this morning, water has been leaking from a pipe above the server room…
📚 Từ vựng của buổi
- wastewater – nước thải
Wastewater is treated before being discharged.
- screen – lưới lọc / lọc qua lưới
Large objects are removed by screens.
- sediment – trầm tích, cặn
Sediment collects at the bottom of the tank.
- settle – lắng xuống
Sand is allowed to settle.
- sludge – bùn thải
The sludge is sent to a digester.
- aeration – sục khí
Aeration helps bacteria break down waste.
- bacteria – vi khuẩn
Bacteria break down organic matter.
- disinfect – khử trùng
The water is disinfected with UV light.
- discharge – xả ra
Treated water is discharged into the river.
- by-product – sản phẩm phụ
Biogas is a useful by-product.
✅ 5. Tự kiểm tra – 10 phút
✅ Tự kiểm tra
Nghe lại bản ghi của mình và tích những điểm bạn đã làm được. Ô tích chỉ lưu trên máy này.