🔁 1. Ôn tập – 10 phút
🔁 Ôn thẻ từ vựng đến hạn
🧠 Nhớ lại buổi trước (không xem tài liệu)
- Tiêu đề nhiễu thường khớp gì trong đoạn?
- Danh từ của “preserve”, “decline”, “identify”?
- “fluent in” – nói 1 câu.
Trả lời to hoặc viết ra giấy, rồi mới mở lại buổi trước để kiểm tra.
📖 2. Đầu vào – 20 phút
When a language falls silent
(Bài đọc tự viết; cộng đồng và nhân vật là giả định.)
A Of the thousands of languages spoken in the world today, a large proportion are considered endangered, meaning that they are spoken by a shrinking number of people and are no longer being learnt by children. When the last fluent speakers of such a language die, the language itself may disappear, taking with it a unique way of describing the world.
B Languages rarely decline because of a single cause. Often, a dominant language – used in schools, government and business – gradually replaces a local one. Parents may decide that their children will have better opportunities if they speak the dominant language, and so they stop using their own language at home. Within two or three generations, the local language may be spoken only by the elderly.
C The loss is not only linguistic. Many communities see their language as central to their identity. Traditional knowledge – about plants, weather, local history or social customs – is often expressed in words and stories that do not translate easily. When a language is lost, some of this knowledge may be lost with it.
D In recent decades, however, a number of communities have tried to revitalise their languages. In one hypothetical example, a small coastal community set up “language nests” – nurseries where young children spend the day with elderly fluent speakers and hear only the local language. Others have produced dictionaries, recorded songs and created apps. Linguist Dr Amaru Quispe stresses that documentation alone is not enough: “A recorded language is preserved, but it is not alive. It needs speakers who use it every day.”
E Success is far from guaranteed. Revitalisation requires long-term commitment, funding and, above all, the willingness of families to use the language at home. Yet some communities have shown that decline can be slowed and even reversed. For Quispe, the most important factor is pride: “When young people see their language as something valuable rather than old-fashioned, they start to pass it on.”
✅ Câu 1–5: Choose the correct heading for each paragraph.
1. Paragraph A
2. Paragraph B
3. Paragraph C
4. Paragraph D
5. Paragraph E
Câu 6–10: Complete the summary. ONE WORD ONLY from the passage.
- 6. A local language is often replaced by a language used in schools and business.
- 7. Parents may stop using their own language at .
- 8. Many communities see their language as central to their .
- 9. In “language nests”, children spend the day with elderly speakers.
- 10. According to Quispe, a recorded language is preserved but not .
🧩 3. Ngôn ngữ trọng tâm – 10 phút: cấu tạo từ (word formation)
| Động từ | Danh từ | Tính từ |
|---|---|---|
| preserve | preservation | preserved |
| decline | decline | declining |
| revitalise | revitalisation | revitalised |
| document | documentation | documented |
| identify | identity / identification | identifiable |
| dominate | dominance | dominant |
Đúng dạng từ
- The of the language took twenty years. (revitalise)
- English has become in international business. (dominate)
- Careful helps future learners. (document)
- The number of speakers is every year. (decline)
✍️ 4. Thực hành – 25 phút
- Mỗi đoạn A–E: gạch câu ý chính và một ví dụ – chỉ ra vì sao ví dụ không phải tiêu đề (10 phút).
- Làm bảng cấu tạo từ cho 6 từ khác trong bài (10 phút).
- Nói 1 phút: ở Việt Nam, bạn có biết phương ngữ hay ngôn ngữ nào đang ít người dùng hơn? (5 phút – nói điều bạn biết, không cần số liệu).
💼 Dùng ngay – điều chỉnh email cho người đọc ở nền văn hóa khác (thêm 5–10 phút)
| Thay vì (quá trực tiếp / mơ hồ) | Dùng (rõ ràng, lịch sự) |
|---|---|
| Send me the file. | Could you send me the file by Thursday, please? |
| ASAP | by 3 p.m. on Friday (if possible) |
| We’ll touch base later. | Let’s have a quick call on Monday at 10 a.m. (your time). |
| As discussed. | As we agreed in Tuesday’s meeting, … |
👉 Với người đọc không phải bản ngữ: tránh thành ngữ, ghi múi giờ, câu ngắn, một ý một đoạn.
📚 Từ vựng của buổi
- endangered – có nguy cơ biến mất
The language is endangered.
- revitalise – hồi sinh
The community is trying to revitalise its language.
- fluent speaker – người nói thành thạo
Only a few fluent speakers remain.
- dominant – chiếm ưu thế
English is dominant in science.
- pass on – truyền lại
Parents pass on their language to children.
- documentation – việc ghi chép, lưu trữ tư liệu
Documentation alone is not enough.
- community – cộng đồng
The whole community took part.
- identity – bản sắc
Language is central to identity.
- decline – suy giảm
The language has been in decline for decades.
- preserve – bảo tồn
Recordings help preserve the language.
✅ 5. Tự kiểm tra – 10 phút
✅ Tự kiểm tra
Nghe lại bản ghi của mình và tích những điểm bạn đã làm được. Ô tích chỉ lưu trên máy này.