🔁 1. Ôn tập – 10 phút
🔁 Ôn thẻ từ vựng đến hạn
🧠 Nhớ lại buổi trước (không xem tài liệu)
- Quy trình có nhánh (buổi 28): chèn nhánh bằng cấu trúc nào?
- “once” và “until” khác nhau thế nào trong mô tả quy trình?
- Kể 3 cụm nhân quả từ buổi 36.
Trả lời to hoặc viết ra giấy, rồi mới mở lại buổi trước để kiểm tra.
🌊 2. Đầu vào – 25 phút
Nhánh Academic
How a tidal flood barrier operates (simplified)
- 11. River and sea levels monitoredsensors, 24 hours a day
- 22. Level reaches warning threshold?No → monitoring continues
- 33. Yes → alert sent; ships stopped
- 44. Gates lowered into riverseal off city from tidal surge
- 55. River water held behind gatespumps remove excess water
- 66. Tide recedes → gates raisedships allowed through
- 77. Gates inspected → monitoring resumescycle repeats
Mệnh đề thời gian & mục đích
- As as the water reaches the warning level, an alert is sent.
- The gates are lowered that the city is sealed off from the tidal surge.
- The gates remain closed the tide recedes.
- the gates have been inspected, monitoring resumes.
📝 Viết bài – Academic
The diagram shows how a tidal flood barrier protects a city from flooding.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features.
Write at least 150 words.
👀 Xem bài mẫu tham khảo (sau khi đã viết xong)
Bài mẫu tham khảo do khóa học viết, khoảng 180 từ. Quy trình giả định.
The flow chart illustrates the operation of a tidal flood barrier designed to protect a city from flooding.
Overall, the process is a continuous cycle of seven stages, centred on a single decision: whether the water level has reached a warning threshold. If it has not, the system simply continues to monitor conditions; if it has, a sequence of protective actions is triggered.
River and sea levels are monitored by sensors around the clock. As long as the water remains below the warning threshold, no action is taken. As soon as this level is reached, however, an alert is issued and shipping on the river is halted. The barrier's gates are then lowered into the river so that the city is sealed off from the incoming tidal surge. While the gates are closed, river water collects behind them, and pumps are used to remove any excess.
The gates remain in place until the tide recedes, at which point they are raised and ships are allowed through again. Finally, the gates are inspected for damage, after which monitoring resumes and the cycle begins again.
🔬 Phân tích bài mẫu
- Tổng quan nêu cấu trúc vòng lặp + điểm quyết định và hai hướng (không vượt / vượt ngưỡng).
- Mệnh đề thời gian đa dạng, chính xác: As long as, As soon as, then, While, until… at which point, after which.
- Mục đích: so that the city is sealed off… – không chỉ kể hành động mà nói vì sao.
- Diễn đạt lại nhãn: alert sent → an alert is issued; ships stopped → shipping… is halted; 24 hours a day → around the clock.
⚠️ Lỗi hay gặp ở band 6.5: bỏ qua nhánh “No”; dùng will (the gates will be lowered) thay vì hiện tại đơn; quên câu nối cuối vòng; lặp then 5 lần.
Nhánh General Training – thư đề xuất gửi chính quyền địa phương
| Phần | Câu mẫu (thuyết phục, thực tế) |
|---|---|
| Giới thiệu & vấn đề | I am writing on behalf of residents of… to propose… |
| Đề xuất cụ thể | We would like the council to consider… |
| Lợi ích (2) | This would not only…, but also… |
| Chi phí & đóng góp | We understand that budgets are limited; residents would be willing to… |
| Bước đầu tiên | As a first step, we would suggest… |
📝 Viết bài – General Training
The street where you live often floods after heavy rain.
Write a letter to your local council. In your letter:
• describe the problem
• suggest a solution
• explain how local residents could help
Write at least 150 words. You do NOT need to write any addresses. Begin your letter as follows: Dear Sir or Madam,
👀 Xem bài mẫu tham khảo (sau khi đã viết xong)
Bài mẫu tham khảo do khóa học viết, khoảng 195 từ. Địa điểm và chi tiết là giả định.
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing on behalf of residents of Linden Road to draw your attention to repeated flooding on our street and to propose a possible solution.
On at least four occasions since September, heavy rain has left the lower end of the road under several centimetres of water for hours at a time. Pedestrians, including children walking to the nearby primary school, have been forced into the road, and two ground-floor flats have had water entering their front doors.
We would like the council to consider installing rain gardens along the wide grass verge on the north side of the road. These shallow planted areas collect rainwater from the pavement and allow it to soak into the ground, which would not only reduce the amount reaching the drains but also improve the appearance of the street.
We understand that budgets are limited. Residents would be willing to help with planting and to check the gardens for litter after storms, as has been done in other towns. As a first step, we would suggest a site visit by one of your engineers to assess whether the ground is suitable.
Yours faithfully, Dang Quoc Viet on behalf of Linden Road Residents' Group
🧩 3. Ngôn ngữ trọng tâm – 10 phút
- Academic: centred on a single decision, a sequence of protective actions is triggered, around the clock, As long as… no action is taken, so that… is sealed off, until… at which point, after which… the cycle begins again.
- GT: on behalf of residents of…, draw your attention to, On at least four occasions since…, would not only… but also…, We understand that budgets are limited, As a first step, we would suggest…
✍️ 4. Thực hành – 20 phút
Viết bài nhánh của bạn (20 phút), chưa xem bài mẫu. Academic: khoanh mọi mệnh đề thời gian – có ít nhất 4 loại khác nhau? GT: có bằng chứng (số lần, ảnh hưởng) và bước đầu tiên cụ thể?
💼 Dùng ngay – viết bảng đánh giá rủi ro ngắn (thêm 5–10 phút)
Lập bảng 3 dòng cho một rủi ro ở nơi làm việc: Hazard · Who might be harmed and how · Existing controls · Further action needed. Ví dụ: Hazard: water on the loading bay floor after rain · Staff and drivers could slip · Warning signs · Install drainage channel; add to pre-storm checklist.
📚 Từ vựng của buổi
- monitor – theo dõi
Water levels are monitored constantly.
- threshold – ngưỡng
The alarm sounds when levels pass the threshold.
- trigger – kích hoạt
High water triggers an alert.
- lower – hạ xuống
The gates are lowered into the river.
- seal off – chặn kín
The barrier seals off the city.
- pump out – bơm ra
Excess water is pumped out.
- recede – rút xuống
The gates open once the tide recedes.
- reopen – mở lại
The river reopens to shipping.
- inspect – kiểm tra
The gates are inspected for damage.
- cycle – chu kỳ, vòng lặp
The process is a continuous cycle.
✅ 5. Tự kiểm tra – 10 phút
✅ Tự kiểm tra
Nghe lại bản ghi của mình và tích những điểm bạn đã làm được. Ô tích chỉ lưu trên máy này.